Which work critiques British society and the hypocrisy related to economic responsibility?

The correct choice, which is A Modest Proposal, is recognized for its sharp criticism of British society, particularly its attitudes towards the poor and economic responsibility. Written by Jonathan Swift, the text uses satirical irony to highlight the extreme measures suggested to address the issue of poverty in Ireland. By proposing the shocking idea of using children as a food source, Swift forces his audience to confront the indifference shown towards the suffering of the impoverished. This critique extends to the moral failings of those in power who prioritize economic gain over compassion and human dignity.

In contrast, the other works listed do not focus specifically on the critique of British society or economic hypocrisy. Poetics by Aristotle centers on dramatic theory and literary criticism, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury addresses themes of censorship and the value of literature, and The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du Bois discusses the African American experience and racial issues in America, diverging from the direct critique of British economic policies that Swift presents.