What is the concept of "nemesis" in the context of tragedy?

The concept of "nemesis" in the context of tragedy refers to the idea of cosmic punishment or retribution that a hero faces as a consequence of their hubris, or excessive pride. In tragedies, this punishment often serves as a critical element in the narrative, showcasing the inevitable downfall of the protagonist due to their own actions or moral failures. This punishment is not just personal but also reflects a greater moral order, indicating that no one can escape the consequences of their actions. As a result, nemesis contributes to the themes of fate, morality, and the fragility of human dignity within tragic literature, ultimately reinforcing the moral lessons intended by the narrative. The tragic hero's encounter with nemesis underscores their vulnerability and the unforgiving nature of the universe they inhabit.