What does "peripeteia" refer to in a tragic plot?

In the context of a tragic plot, "peripeteia" refers to a reversal of fortune that places the hero in a precarious situation. This term, originating from Greek tragedy, specifically denotes a shift in the protagonist's circumstances that leads to suffering or misfortune, often propelling the narrative toward its tragic conclusion. In classic literature, this moment is crucial as it highlights the fragility of fate and demonstrates the complexities of the hero's journey. It emphasizes how quickly circumstances can change, often turning from hope to despair, which is central to the development of tragedy. Understanding peripeteia helps readers grasp the depth of the character's struggles and the themes of fate and inevitable downfall that are common in tragic narratives.