What does "hubris" signify in tragic storytelling?

In tragic storytelling, "hubris" refers to an arrogant overstepping of moral boundaries. This concept is central to many classic tragedies, where a character's excessive pride or self-confidence leads them to defy ethical standards or the natural order, ultimately resulting in their downfall. Characters displaying hubris often believe they are invulnerable or above the consequences of their actions, which sets the stage for a dramatic reversal of fortune. This hubristic behavior not only contributes to the individual’s downfall but also serves as a moral lesson for the audience about the dangers of pride and the importance of humility.

The other options emphasize different concepts that do not align with the traditional notion of hubris in tragedy. A fatal mistake made in a moment of weakness reflects a different kind of error, often linked to impulsiveness rather than arrogance. A moment of clarity about one’s actions suggests a realization that typically leads to redemption, which runs contrary to the idea of hubris resulting in a character's demise. An unexpected heroic act, while impactful in storytelling, does not fit the definition of hubris and often represents a redemptive arc rather than the tragic consequence of overreaching pride.