What distinguishes plot from theme in a literary work?

The distinction between plot and theme in a literary work is rooted in their fundamental characteristics. The plot refers to the sequence of events and actions that make up the story and illustrates how these events unfold and interact, creating a narrative structure. It focuses on "what happens" in the narrative. For example, how characters confront challenges, the climax of their conflicts, and the resolution are all aspects of the plot.

On the other hand, theme pertains to the underlying message, moral, or central idea that the author wishes to convey through the narrative. It explores "why it matters" and often reflects broader societal, ethical, or philosophical issues. For instance, a theme could be love, betrayal, or the struggle for identity, serving as a lens through which readers can interpret the characters' actions and the plot's events.

This understanding reinforces the idea that while plot drives the action of the story, theme gives meaning and depth to it. The correct answer captures this essence by emphasizing that the plot describes what occurs in the story, while the theme reflects the deeper lessons or insights derived from those events.